Philosophy+Through+The+Ages

Ahmed - Pre Socratics


 * Scholars consider Lecippus the founder of the atomistic school speculative thinker of the highest degree.
 * Democraties lived in Abdera in north Greece.
 * Lecippus and Democraties described atoms as hard and indivisible, with different

Wissam - Socrates


 * "Ignorance is the only evil"
 * Socrates believed that happiness came from leading a goo life.
 * Socrates believed that he might find our what is good and what is bad by talking to people and seeing a majority.
 * Socrates was arrested and accused of corrupting young minds and worshipping false gods.
 * Socrates believed laws should be made by the wise.

Amel - Plato


 * Knowledge is justified true belief.
 * True knowledge cannot be gained through the five senses.
 * The world we live in is a shadow of the real world, to escape this shadow, would have to go beyond perception.
 * The mind moves through four stages to gain knowledge:
 * 1) Imaging
 * 2) Belief
 * 3) Thinking
 * 4) Reason and intuition

Isra - Aristotle


 * Aristotle was a Greek philosopher
 * student of Plato.
 * His main ideas was Golden Mean, Logic, reason and passion.
 * Plato's main interest was the Platonic Realism, the abstract ideas of life, justice, education and and family.
 * The main interests of Aristotle was logic, reason of observation.
 * Plato and Aristotle differ in their philosophy.
 * Plato's work was made of metaphysical nature whereas Aristotle's work was more of self-analysis.

Hassan - Early Christians, Martin Luther King.


 * Greeks: Human need of education.
 * Christianity: Human need of God to save them.
 * All humanity is evil.
 * Islam, Christianity and Judaism are monotheistic.
 * Church, pay money to go to heaven.
 * Luther was monk in Germany.
 * Translated the bible from Latin to German.
 * He worked to change the authority.

Kant-


 * His philosophy was called critical philosophy.
 * Tried to create a middle ground between empiricists and rationalists.
 * Believed we have two types of knowledge, apriori(innate) and aposterior( empirical).
 * Believed apriori knowledge was always universally true.
 * Agreed with rationalists that reason could allow you to obtain a lot of knowledge but disagreed with just how much you could know, agreed with empiricists can how empirical knowledge, disagreed with their idea that "our knowledge ends with experience".

Utilitarianism-


 * Jeremy Bentham
 * Principle of utility
 * pleasure and pain are the motivating factors of all human beings
 * 4 sanctions
 * physical
 * political
 * moral
 * religious
 * John Mill
 * Human liberty
 * harm principle
 * son of the famous ricardian economist.
 * individualists

The Rise of Science (historically ordered)-


 * Galileo was the first to reason the innate knowledge that authority gave him.
 * He compared the masses in space to generate his theories.
 * Descartes was also against the fact that knowledge was justified by authority.
 * Hobbes thought of people as initially evil, that they were selfish.
 * Newton mostly thought of the world as having neutral to rationalize his scientific theories.

Empiricism -


 * Knowledge carries from the 3 senses.
 * emphasize the importance of experience and direct evidence.
 * Follows scientific method philosophy.
 * All theories and claims must be tested by obscuring and perceiving.
 * Rejects the idea of only gaining knowledge through logic and reason.
 * Locke, Hobbes and Berkly were the main drivers of this philosophy.